KOS_OP_DUP

  • Style: COUNT. Arg = number of elements to duplicate.

  • Stack: [..., a_1, ..., a_n] → [..., a_1, ..., a_n, a_1, ..., a_n] (top arg elements duplicated).

  • Invariants: Stack must have at least arg elements.

Example: DUP 1: duplicate TOS (e.g. for use in two branches).

index

opcode

arg

arg view

comment

0

CONST

0

0 (10)

stack: […, 10]

1

DUP

1

1

stack: […, 10, 10]

2

RETURN

1

1